Essay on The Bible Among the Myths Summary - 3696 Words

SUMMARY OF JOHN N. OSWALT’S BOOK THE BIBLE AMONG THE MYTHS David Strickland Old Testament Introduction - OBST 590 June 1, 2013 Introduction The author, John N. Oswalt, was first introduced to the subject of this book in his seminary studies in the 1960s. Oswalt introduces his book with a narrative of the similarities and differences that exist between the Old Testament and the literature of the Ancient Near East. Prior to the 1960s scholars believed that the Old Testament was unique and did not resemble the literature of the surrounding cultures, but now there has been a shift in thought. Many scholars believe today that the Old Testament is virtually identical to Ancient Near East writings. This issue of differences and†¦show more content†¦Oswalt starts his definition process by discussing the debate of whether the Bible has a distinctive view of reality. Until fifty years ago most scholars believed that biblical literature did not share the characteristics of myth. Today there has been a radical shift in opinions, such as the possibility that mythical thought and mythical literature are at the v ery heart of Israel’s religion.1 Oswalt believes that this change is based on assumptions and not on new discoveries. The problem of definition encompasses the first obstacle when defining a myth. The validity of a definition must be evaluated. The first problem is that a definition must be broad enough to include all the items that share common characteristics but narrow enough to exclude items that only have a few common characteristics. The second problem has to do with the nature of the definition and whether it provides a description or an evaluation. Oswalt groups definitions of myth according to their type as either historical-philosophical or phenomenological. He then subdivides historical-philosophical into etymological, sociological and literary. Etymological definitions of myth emphasize the falsity of what is being described and are frequently too broad. In sociological definitions of myth, truth is seen as relative. Perception of something being true makes it tru e. Oswalt labels his final subdivision of historical-philosophicalShow MoreRelatedChapter Summary: The Bible Among the Myths Essay5414 Words   |  22 PagesIntroduction Oswalt first learned about the issues in â€Å"The Bible Among the Myths† while taking a class taught by Dennis Kinlaw at Asbury Theological Seminary. His interest in the subject has grown since with graduate study and his own classes which he taught. William F. Albright, his students, and G. Ernest Wright led the rethinking of the evolutionary paradigm within the philosophy of Idealism. Although they believed the differences between the ways the Israelites thought and their neighbor’sRead MoreEssay on Book Summary of the Bible Among the Myths2904 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Author John N. Oswalt begins The Bible Among the Myths: Unique Revelation or Just Ancient Literature? with a concise and well-written introduction that whets the reader’s appetite, compelling one to continue reading. He begins by informing the reader that his novel has been in the works dating all of the way back to the 1960s, when he attended the Asbury Theological Seminary. Oswalt quickly points out that one of the main points that the book will focus on is determining if â€Å"theRead MoreEssay about Book Summary The Bible Among the Myths2835 Words   |  12 Pageswas unique among other beliefs in the Ancient Near East but they now view the Old Testament as identical to other religions of its day and time. The author also discusses the vital philosophical distinction between â€Å"essence† and â€Å"accident.† When removing an essential feature of an object, it will cease to be itself but if you remove an accidental feature of an object, there will be no change in the object’s essential being. The author also introduces the characteristics of myth. 1) ThatRead MoreBook Summary: the Bible Among the Myths by John N. Oswalt Essay3529 Words   |  15 PagesABSTRACT John Oswalt, in his book The Bible Among the Myths, presents his position to the reader that the bible is different and separate from other writings of the Ancient Near East. He asserts the Bible is both historically accurate and theologically sound. He makes the defense the Bible was divinely inspired and revealed to humanity and unique from other Ancient Near East literature. There was a time when the Bible, and the Israelite religion was different from its neighboring societies.Read MoreMs Paul2146 Words   |  9 PagesBible Among the Myths Malcom College English 093 Ms. Smith 01/23/2012 Introduction The book is an analysis of the Biblical view of the world and compares it other works in the Ancient Near East of that time with the development of the Bible. This is done by an in-depth analysis of the underlying beliefs inherent in mythology and the Biblical text. Of primary significance is the authors portrayal of the Biblical insistence on monotheism and divine transcendence compared to the polytheisticRead MoreThe Gods Of The Ancient World1105 Words   |  5 Pagesdirectly in the King James Version of the Bible, such as Ashtoreth, Diana and Lilith. Although, the word ‘prostitute’ exists only once (Lev 19:29), still, prostitution happens to be identified with various words; such as â€Å"whore(s), whoredom(s). harlot(s), pollute or polluted;† (which can mean prostitute) that encounters being mentioned frequently. The prophets of the Bible warned regarding whoring after other gods and goddesses and the cult prostitutes developed among the numerous idols the Israelites lustedRead MoreThe Convictions Of A Person s Convictions910 Words   |  4 PagesThis is a list of rules, self-defined rules. We adapt to those rules and expect others to do the same. Next is libertinism. Libertinism, is explained as taking liberties. We take liberties in that the Bible has not directly forbidden specific things so we are not breaking any rules by doing them. Among these limits are four convictions to avoid. They are convictions that are little more than superstition, convictions that attract attention for a selfish ego, convictions generated by an unwillingnessRead MoreThe Cyclops Scene In Flannery OConnors Good Country People1508 Words   |  7 Pageswhat it literally is. Symbolism helps the reader remember the ideas or characters a writer wants the reader to remember. This is true for Good Country People. Good Country People focuses on a young woman named Joy, who has an artificial leg. A Bible seller named Manley Pointer comes into her life, a nd eventually he steals Joy’s artificial leg. Flannery O’Connor, the author of Good Country People, was a boarder of Robert and Sally Fitzgerald (Alexander 2016). Robert Fitzgerald is known as oneRead MoreThe Myth Of Epic Of Gilgamesh 1879 Words   |  8 PagesHistory 10 Professor Chrissanthos 4 October, 2016 From Myth to Religion The Sumerian myth â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh† is known to be the oldest written fictional story of all time. The original script, discovered on 12 clay tablets in ancient Sumeria, covers the adventures of a real historical figure (Ralph): the Sumarian King of Uruk, who lived sometime between the years 2750 and 2500 B.C. (Epic) The adventures of Gilgamesh were so popular among the people of that era (the earliest written versions ofRead MoreThe Core Essence Of Servant Leadership From A Biblical Perspective1605 Words   |  7 Pages‘Servant Leadership’ from a Biblical perspective, which might be able to provide practical, theological, and hermeneutical insights in order to develop leadership competency and a healthy prosperous ministry, as oppose to the current secular ‘leadership’ myths and fascination in our church, culture and society. Admittedly, over the years I have always admired and strived to adopt a servant leader attitude in all my endeavo rs. Equally, the paper will reflect on ‘Servant Leadership’ through the lens of Jesus

How Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans - 1696 Words

Eric Green Urban British Literature 1st 3 December 2015 How Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans In life majority of people believe telling the truth is the correct way of living. Truth has endured the world throughout time and is seemingly unanswerable to those who do not understand it because this subject appears in every culture. Truth goes along with universal questions such as what is beauty, justice, and power. And love but none have a direct answer because they are all dependent on the culture they are currently being described in. Even within these cultures these questions have different answers because of the various regions; for example medieval Europe had multiple cultures that traversed throughout everywhere and caused truth to be defined by the beliefs of that region. Medieval Europe lasted from the 5th to the 15th century and began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire causing this time to become known as the dark ages because the great civilizations of Rome and Greece had been conquered. Very few people during this time could read or write and because of a lack of knowledge. Medieval Europeans used their superstitious beliefs to explain the world around them. Because of how Medieval Europe was set up the definition of truth was very general compared to smaller civilizations. In the United States today we have fused other cultures’ definitions of truth into our own and thus make our definition of truth divergent from medieval Europe. AmericanShow MoreRelatedNational Identity Over the Course of Time: Peter Sahlins Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout history have always sought to define who they are as a collective whole. Over the course of time, it was this that helped bind nations together through a collective sense of national identity and belonging. Although there are some set definitions that people use to define who collectively are, such as their own language and national history, this is not the only explanation of how groups of people have conceived who they are. In reality, communities have primarily conceived who they are byRead MoreHistorical And Philosophical Movement Of The Renaissance1596 Words   |  7 Pages14th century. The renaissance profoundly affected European Intellectual life through the introduction of different perspectives, ideas, innovations, literature, art, science, religion among many other aspects that continue to shape modern philosophy. By focusing, on ideas presented by Southern, Petrarch, and Burckhardt I will argue that the historical and philosophical movement of the renaissance progressed the writings and concerns of the medieval times through the emergence of humanism and freeRead MoreIn defense of the Indians by Las Casas and On the Cannibals by Montaigne1345 Words   |  6 Pagesto overpower majority and take control. This is the situation which occurred between the Natives and the Europeans during the 1513 conquest. The Spanish Conquest of Central and South America and the voyage to the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492 brought the Spanish crown a great amount of wealth. The native inhabitants which resided in the Americas prior to the discovery, saw what was once their home being taken away from them and being completely devoured by the Conquistas. In Defense ofRead MoreA World Lit Only By Fire800 Words   |  4 Pagesimpartial. It is structured into three separate sections: The Medieval Mind, The Shattering and One Man Alone. The first section effectively talks about the substantial events that occurred in the year 500; this includes the fall of the Roman Empire and the reasons that lie behind its fall. Manchester continues on by speaking of the Dark Ages that instantaneously followed the collapse of the Roman Empire. He speaks of the Black Death and how Europe experienced multiple â€Å"climatic changes†, such as severeRead MorePluralism As An Ethical Imperative For A Democratic Communication1126 Words   |  5 PagesPluralism as an ethical imperative for a democratic communication The concepts of civil rights and citizenship are rooted in the Enlightenment and the liberal revolutions of the 18th Century, in which the individual was at the core of the intellectual, philosophical, and political concern. In that sense, these ideas should be historically and intellectually reviewed rather than naturalized as the only way to organize social life. Actually, the Westernized nature of this tradition cannot be neglectedRead MoreThe Legal System Of The Law1559 Words   |  7 Pagesand laws that govern activities within the community; there are also specific laws in certain portions of the legal system. Laws are made in order to give us rules of conduct that protect everyone’s individual rights (Canada Department of Justice). How law is dealt with is seen to vary throughout different countries for the reason that each country contains different laws that are based to fit their culture and customs. However, when law is dealt with, regardless of the area it is enfo rced in; ifRead MoreKnights Of The Middle Ages1692 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch more, in particular, a code of behavior, conduct and ethics to which all knights were held. These knights were bound by a code of honor. Each knight had to swear that he would defend â€Å"the weak, the poor, widows, orphans, and the oppressed. He was to be courteous, especially to women; brave; loyal to his leaders; and concerned about the welfare of his subordinates, or those of lesser rank and position† (Schlager par. 30). Knights of the Middle Ages were not always considered to be of high socialRead MoreStereotyping of Jews Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesIn life, there is a common ground on which most every person can relate. At one time or another, we have all been promoters of or victims of the unremitting nature of stereotypes. According to the Webster’s dictionary, a stereotype is defined as â€Å"a simplified and standardized conception or image invested with special meaning and held in common by members of a group.† Most stereotypes take on a negative form and are based on characteristics such as age, gender, race, status, and personal beliefsRead MoreChristian Mysticism Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesMysticism is a word we find in many books that relate to religious experiences. Mysticism is interpreted as searching for spiritual truth and wisdom through the unification with the Divine. Many Christians today believe that the words associated with mysticism like meditation and mystic are not coherently related with Christianity, but more with many Eastern religions. Eastern religions are definitely known for their mysticism, but it is believed to not be a part of Christianity. Mysticism is actually

Controlling Communicable Disease

Questions: 1.Description of the communicable disease (causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment) and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). 2.Describe the determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease. 3.Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. (The textbook describes each element of the epidemiologic triangle). 4.Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collecting, data analysis, and follow-up). 5.Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organization(s) contributes to resolving or reducing the impact of disease. Answer: 1. Introduction Healthcare service providers are highly concerned about the communicable infectious diseases. The unhealthy and indiscipline life style of modern human beings lead to several different kind of diseases, most of which are infectious and communicable through one person to another person. There are several communication diseases such as chicken pox, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, HIV etc. Among them HIV is the most critical diseases, which become the main headache of the health care service provides, because HIV is increasingly spreading in the society. HIV is mainly spreading by the means of risky sexual behaviour as well as unprotected sex; due to unprotected sex the HIV virus enter to the non-HIV person from the HIV person. This is a fatal disease, which destroy the immune system of the human beings. There are several determinants, which accelerate the growth of the diseases in our society, such social and cultural background, economic factor, which influences the peoples to perform this type of unruly, risky and unprotected sex and that are main cause of HIV. The community nurses play vital role in the treatment of the HIV, several organizations also put great emphasis in preventing as well as treatment of the HIV patients Description of the disease HIV causes one of the most critical diseases called AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.HIV is the abbreviation of human immunodeficiency virus. If once in life you have HIV, it will be with you for the rest of your life (Noah, N. 2006). It is a typical blood borne disease, which transmits during sexual intercourse, it also can occur during breast-feeding and during the birth process.HIV disease can occur if one has the infection with HIV 2 OR HIV 1They are both retrovirus and they belong to the Retroviridae family. Scientists believe that a kind of chimpanzee in the region of West Africa is the source of HIV in human. That is why according to the research it can be, said that HIV may have come from apes to human beings. There are no specific physical findings to HIV. Manifestations may include the following points. Generalized lymphadenopathy may be, referred as a presenting symptom and it is very common too. Flulike illness, malaise, generalized rash are the acute manifestations HIV virus destroys the cells of the human body. It destroys the immunities power of the body. 2. Description of the determinants Many factors can affect the health of communities and individuals. The factors such as genetics, locality, the state environment, relationships with family and friend and income and education levels all have substantial impact on health. The determinants of health are: The economic and social environment, The physical environment, The behaviour and characteristic of the individuals The health disparities in sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/Aids are, linked to complex bend economic and social determinates. HIV can be, developed under various conditions, all around world with the consequent variations in the rate of transmission and mode of transmission. In the developed countries men who have sex with the men after that needle sharing the drug user is increasingly concentrated in marginalized and poor sectors of population. The structural and social intervention that focuses on the education, job security, housing, health services, social and income exclusion are addressed to the root cause of the HIV vulnerability. The physical environment can also leads to development of HIV is closely tied to the employment conditions. The people who have low level income can put them to higher risk of exposure to the contaminants that are harmful to the health. 3. Discuss epidemiologic triangle According to the epidemiologic triangle of Aids distinguishes the determinants into three levels, which includes individual, social and structural. The individual aspect can be, described based on the biologic, demographic and behavioural risk factor, which can influence the risk of transmission and progression of AIDS in the society. The social level in the epidemiologic process includes the essential pathways by which the society and system of network structures link individuals to society (Bennett, L., Searl, S. 1982). The system of network is at the centre of understanding the perceptive of diffusion and discrepancy division of HIV/AIDS in the residents of the subgroups. The structural factor mainly related to the social and economic factor of the population along with the established laws and policies in order to avoid issues related to this communicable disease. The Cultural context, social networks, neighbourhood effects and social capital are the important social level facto rs in HIV/AIDS epidemiology. There are five main categories of structural-level factors; they are legal structures, the policy environment, structural violence and discrimination, war and militarization and demographic change. Role of community nurse Collection of the data, case finding and analysis of the data related to the cause and prevention of HIV disease is very crucial for the nurses. There are certain principles followed in nursing for the treatment of HIV. The nurses should have the ability to identify the desired stage of illness of the disease. Proper data should be, collected related to the cause of the diseases. Complete analysis is very crucial and it should be, executed with the help of the doctors as well as the professionals of the health care centres. Appropriate methods should be, adopted by the nurses related to the finding of the cause of the disease. Nurses should execute their proper skills for the treatment of the patients. There should be proper food choice provided to the patients from the nurses as well as there should be proper washing of the hands of patients as it is a communicable disease. There should be proper preventive measures guided from the nurses to the patients relating to the spraying of this disease. Analysis of the data helps in proper identification of the disease and helps to provide proper solution to the disease (Hawker, J. 2005). 4. Organization that address the communicable disease CDC helps in providing perfect resolution for the prevention of the HIV disease. The organization implements advanced technical methods in the prevention of this disease. First of all the organization identifies the occurring of this disease. Then it implements various methods of effective treatment and provides proper guidance to the patients related to the food choice and proper washing of the hands. These methods help in not spraying of the disease to the other people. It provides resolution to the patients related to HIV meditations, prevention programs and provides guidance related to high risk of the disease. Screening as well as treatment of the disease HIV plays a vital role in curing of this particular disease. Conclusion HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the virus that affects a human being to suffer from AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. In this disease the symptom worsens as the infection increases. HIV affecting the person in the fluids of the body causing the disease to spread from one person to another as the person comes in contract through passing the blood or through sexual contact. The social determinant of the disease is huge as this disease is not accepted in the society. There are activities conducted by NGOs providing knowledge about the disease and ways the patients should be, treated. Even the discrimination between different classes or sections of society effects the treatment of the disease. This disease is infectious bringing the triangle or the three corners as; Agent, Host and Environment. The Epidemiologic Triangle should be broken in order to stop the continuation of the disease. The roles of the community nurses are to spread awareness of the disease in the family members, friends and the community. References Noah, N. (2006). Controlling communicable disease. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press.Hawker, J. (2005). Communicable disease control handbook (2nd ed.). Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.Bennett, L., Searl, S. (1982). Communicable disease handbook. New York: Wiley.

The Relevancy Of The Heartland Hinterland Distin Essay Example For Students

The Relevancy Of The Heartland Hinterland Distin Essay ction In Canadas EcThe Relevancy of the Heartland Hinterland Distinction in Canadas EconomicGeographyUntil the early 20th century, Canada was primarily an agricultural nation. Since then it has become one of the most highly industrialized countries in theworld as a direct result of the development of the heartland. To a largeextent the manufacturing industries present in the heartland are supplied withraw materials produced by the agricultural, mining, forestry, and fishingsectors of the Canadian economy, a region known as the hinterland. The heartland-hinterland concept in Canada describes patterns of economic power,namely, where economic power and control resides within the nation. Thus, theheartland-hinterland concept distinguishes raw-material and staple-producinghinterlands from the capital service industrial heartland and reveals themetropolis or dominating city of the system. At a national scale, the Canadianmetropolis is Toronto, and the region with the most influence is the GreatLakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands. But while immense influence radiates outward fromthe metropolis located in the heartland, the relationship between hinterland andheartland is one of intimate mutual dependency. In modern Canadian economics,neither region can exist without each other, and the well-being of one directlyaffects the other. These two regions show remarkable contrasts, yet they are toa large extent interdependent on each other, clearly suggesting that theheartland-hinterland distinction is quite relevant in terms of Canadas economicgeography. We will write a custom essay on The Relevancy Of The Heartland Hinterland Distin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Upon discussing the importance of the heartland-hinterland in Canada, it isnecessary to discuss what each term refers to. According to McCann theheartland is an area which possesses favourable physical qualities and grantfood accessibility to markets; they display a diversified profile of secondary,tertiary, and quaternary industries; they are characterized by a highlyurbanized and concentrated population which participates in a well-integratedurban system; they are well advanced along the development path and possess thecapacity for innovative change. Literally, hinterland means the land behind,the area from which a heartland draws its raw materials and which, in turn,serves as a market for the heartlands manufactured goods. The demographic and economic characteristics of Canadas heartland are that itcontains over 50% of the nations population and 70% of its manufacturingindustries in only 14% of the nations area. Canadas heartland is southernOntario and Quebec stretching from Quebec City to Windsor. This heartland,occupying the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, coincides with severalfavourable physical characteristics such as fertile Class 1 and 2 soils inaddition to humid continental climate for optimal agricultural conditions. However, the hinterland regions display harsher or more limiting physicalcharacteristics. The Cordillera, Interior Plains, Canadian Shield, andAppalachian regions yield tremendous resource wealth, but their soils,vegetation, and climatic patterns do not favor wide distributions of populationand concentrated development. Canadas heartland is illustrated on the mapbelow. With the overwhelming presence of the above-mentioned features, this regiondominates Canadas economy due to diverse agricultural production as well as itsaccessibility to the heartland of its major international trade partner, theUntied States, which is focused around New York City. It is the heartlandthat creates the demand for staple commodities, supplying the hinterland, inturn, with capital, labour, technology, and entrepreneurship, those factors ofproduction which are so essential for the initial growth and sustaineddevelopment of the hinterland.The relationship between the hinterland and heartland is complex. Resourcesflowing from hinterland areas largely go directly to other countries withoutpassing through the heartland. Yet, it is from the heartland that an economysorganization, financial means, equipment, and technical services arise and arepaid for by the sale of the resources. Thus, it can be said the hinterlandcontributes to the support and development of the heartland. The hinterlandalso benefits from the interaction of its well-developed internal linkages and alarge and concentrated workforce that provides a manufacturing core andspecialized services. .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 , .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 .postImageUrl , .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 , .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3:hover , .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3:visited , .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3:active { border:0!important; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3:active , .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3 .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua89fd1015a49a75632a5a054f85ef3b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mos Burger Famous Fast Food Service Business EssayAnother important aspect of the heartland-hinterland distinction is with respectto regional structure, which involves the interaction of both regions. Locational forces and even policy decisions of a political nature drawsecondary manufacturing and service activities, as well as skilled labour force,to core areas. The concentration of corporate headquarters and financialinstitutions in the core also causes a flow of profits from the hinterland tothe heartland, ultimately causing difficulty for the generation of capitalwithin the periphery. These circumstances which arise from the root of thehinterland underdevelopment problem are difficult to overcome without politicalinvolvement. Although government assistance by means of transfer payments anddevelopmental projects helps the underdeveloped hinterland, it can by no meansresolve the apparent disparities present among the core and periphery regions inCanada. If the disparities are to be diminished, it seems more likely thathinterland areas must develop generally according to the ways in which heartlandareas have developed, although the specific growth factors need not, nor wouldthey likely, be the same. A hinterland region, wishing to achieve heartlandstatus, must be capable of innovating change and wielding power, whileprogressing beyond the staple production phase for the heartland. In terms of merchandise trade, Canada is an importer of end-products while theexport of crude materials indicate the staple nature of the export economy. Thehinterland dominates the export trade in crude materials such as oil, naturalgas, and forest products. Fabricated materials are largely produced in the core,and most of the products (steel, copper wire, refined nickel, and rolledaluminum) are exported. Canadas exports therefore are primarily staples fromthe hinterland, and as the amount of processing increases the role of theheartland becomes more dominant. In terms of imports, crude materials, largely crude oil to eastern Canada andsubtropical foods, are the main imports. Fabricated materials and end-productsimported from the United States were predominantly motor vehicles and auto parts,and the exports from Canada also involved the motor vehicle sector. Thus, thehinterland clearly dominates exports of crude materials and foods, while theheartland is the centre of both exports and imports of fabricated products. The economic emphasis of the heartland-hinterland distinction is quitepronounced in Canada. Various aspects of the Canadian economy dictate theundoubted relevance between the core and periphery of this vast nation. At oneextreme, the heartland is a thriving economic region, with the Golden Horseshoeregion acting as the collective metropolis, whereas the hinterland, the rest ofCanada, is characterized by primary resource production, scattered populationand a limited innovative capacity. Despite the interdependency of these tworegions, they are nonetheless separated by both economic and physical factors,thereby preventing the union of a common region. Therefore, there is anunquestionable heartland-hinterland distinction present in Canada in terms ofits economic geography. BIBLIOGRAPHYMatthews, G. 1995. Canada and the World, An Atlas Resource, 2nd Edition. Scarborough: Prentice Hall Canada Inc. McCann, L.D. 1987. Heartland and Hinterland. Scarborough: Prentice-HallCanada Inc.